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Infection control refers to policies and practices used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. It is essential in healthcare and workplaces to protect patients, staff, and the public by reducing contamination, transmission, and outbreak risks effectively.
Infections spread through direct contact, airborne droplets, contaminated surfaces, bloodborne pathogens, and improper hygiene practices. Understanding transmission routes helps implement effective infection prevention strategies and reduces healthcare-associated infections significantly.
Bloodborne pathogens are harmful microorganisms found in blood that can cause diseases such as HIV and hepatitis. Exposure occurs through needlesticks, cuts, or contact with infected blood, requiring strict safety and protective measures.
Sterilisation eliminates all microorganisms from medical instruments and surfaces using heat, chemicals, or radiation. It is a critical step in infection control to ensure equipment is safe for reuse and prevents cross-contamination.
Key hygiene practices include regular handwashing, use of personal protective equipment, proper waste disposal, surface cleaning, and respiratory hygiene. These measures reduce infection transmission and maintain a safe environment in healthcare and community settings.